Hematite: the blood stone of iron
Polished, it looks like silver metal. Scratch it and it bleeds red.
Hematite is iron oxide, the same compound as rust, and the most important ore of iron in the world. Its name comes from the Greek word for blood. Polished hematite is a mirror-bright silver-black, but rub it on unglazed porcelain and it leaves a red-brown streak. That red streak is the quickest test there is.
Ground into powder, hematite is red ochre, one of the oldest pigments people have used. It coloured cave paintings and is still made into paint today. The red earth of many deserts, and the red of Mars, comes from fine-grained hematite.
The shiny beads at most bead counters are often not natural hematite. Strongly magnetic "hematite" is a man-made material, usually called hematine or magnetic hematite. Real hematite is barely magnetic at all. Gold, copper and rainbow hematite beads have a thin metal coating on top. All of these are fine to sell, as long as the label says what they are.
Hematite also grows with other minerals. Tourmaline with hematite pairs black tourmaline with red-brown and silver hematite in one stone, and quartz can be coloured red by tiny hematite flakes. For a shop, hematite's weight is its best sales tool. Put one in a customer's hand and they notice it straight away.
Polished hematite looks like silver. Rub it on porcelain and the streak is blood red.







