What on Earth Is Quartz?

Quartz is made of silicon and oxygen (SiO2) and is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's crust after feldspar. It forms in igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and is the main ingredient in beach and desert sand. Below: its properties, famous varieties, history and lore, including favourites like clear quartz and rose quartz.

The Physical Properties of Quartz

With a Mohs hardness rating of 7, Quartz is a highly durable mineral. It remains very stable even when exposed to extreme temperatures and harsh chemicals. Unlike other minerals that dissolve in weaker acids, Quartz – like other silicate minerals – is only soluble in hydrofluoric acid.

While it is durable, the mineral is also very brittle. It easily forms rounded or shell-like conchoidal fractures when subjected to pressure. This is why Quartz crystals naturally have marks or grooves on their surface. It also has a vitreous or glass-like luster.

Pure Quartz has a clear or white colour. However, the presence of mineral impurities can make the mineral purple, pink, green, yellow, orange, blue, or red. For instance, Amethyst (the most common variety of Quartz) can display a lilac to deep purple colour due to traces of iron in the stone.

Other Quartz varieties include:

• Agate
• Aventurine
• Bloodstone
• Citrine
• Carnelian
• Chalcedony
• Prasiolite
• Onyx
• Jasper
• Rose Quartz

The History of Quartz

It is believed that the name Quartz comes from the old German word querkluftertz meaning ˜cross-vein ore.' The word was first used in 1530 by Georgius Agricola, the father of mineralogy. Ancient Greeks and Romans referred to Quartz crystals as krustallos meaning ˜ice.' This stemmed from their belief that the mineral was ice that never melted because it was created by the gods themselves.

Quartz has been widely used since the ancient times. The Sumerians used it to create cylinder seals and ring seals. They may have also used it as a stamp for producing written impressions in clay. In ancient Egypt, Quartz was a primary material in making beads, amulets, impression seals, and various jewelry pieces.

In the modern world, the mineral is an indispensable component in creating electronic devices due to its ability to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Quartz crystals are used in creating radios, transistors, microphones, digital watches, computer chips, and electric guitars.

Quartz also finds its way into glassmaking. Quartz sand is used in producing fiberglass, container glass, flat plate glass, and specialty glass.

The Lore of Quartz

Since its discovery, people have believed in the magical properties of Quartz.

Earliest Greek, Roman, and Egyptian civilizations used Quartz crystals as amulets and talismans. Ancient Japanese culture believed that Quartz was made from the breath of a white dragon. They associated Quartz with perfection.

Aboriginal tribes in Australia and South America link Quartz crystal with creation myths, believing that the crystal guided the creation of all life forms in the universe.

Beginning in the middle ages, different forms of crystal Quartz like balls and skulls have been used in many rituals to predict the future.

The Metaphysical Properties of Quartz

Quartz is a highly prized mineral in the world of crystals, often called the Universal Crystal. In crystal practice it is used in meditation and as a symbol of protection and focused intention.

Below are some of the meanings people associate with quartz:

• Restores harmony in environments
• Balances energies in relationships
• Brightens a sense of purpose
• Stands for energy and determination
• Accelerates spiritual growth and wisdom
• Elevates creativity
• Clears the mind
• Stands for emotional balance

Note: Crystals and stones are sold as minerals, collectibles and decor. The metaphysical meanings above come from folklore and personal tradition, not from scientific evidence, and nothing here is health advice.